Explanation of Symbols
ANTHRAX REPORTS FROM FAO &
OIE FOR 1988–2001
These reports were collated from the various
FAO-WHO-OIE Animal Health Yearbooks to 1995 (which ceased publication in that year) and
the individual national reports of disease outbreaks, cases and animals vaccinated
submitted to OIE for 1988-97. The Probable Status is a conservative and pessimistic
current estimate of the probable epidemiological situation in each country with more
weighting given to vaccination, published papers, reports of human cases, and personal
knowledge of the disease; it is a disease that is readily overlooked. Countries in a state
of civil unrest or war are presumed to be more severely affected than claimed, especially
in the tropics. The coding system is as follows:
For the map colors and status line above each
country’s data:
Anthrax free (dark green) = No reports of anthrax
for a prolonged period, or > eight years.
Possibly free of anthrax (light green) = Includes some countries whose claim to
freedom is not free of doubt.
Sporadic (yellow) = Low sporadic occurrence; >0 to approximately 30
livestock cases/106.
Enzootic (pink) = No evidence for epizootics, empirically 30–99 livestock
cases/106.
Hyperendemic/epizootic (red) = High occurrence; significant number of human cases,
or >99 livestock cases/106.
Unknown (gray) = No information available.
In the FAO/OIE columns, the following conventions
are followed:
oooo Never reported [not always
correct—usually refers to only the last 20 years]
– Not reported
(year) Year of last reported occurrence
? Suspected but not confirmed
(+) Exceptional occurrence
+ Low sporadic occurrence
++ Enzootic
+++ High occurrence
+.. Disease exists; distribution and occurrence
unknown
() Confined to certain regions
)( Ubiquitous
... No information available
V Vaccination programme
* Notifiable disease
Notes:
Sheep and goat reports have been combined and,
in general, horses have been ignored. Reports of anthrax cases in the former two species
are globally grossly underreported.
Human cases prior to 1988, except China, are
from T. Fujikura, Salisbury Med Bull 68:1 (1990).
Rates in italics have been estimated
from incomplete data, usually when only deaths, and not total cases, have been reported;
the numerator is indicated by being italicized.
OIE & FAO population data rarely agree; FAO
figures are used only when OIE data are missing. Both are unreliable but especially FAO;
the latter can usually be distinguished by the terminal “000.” Non-specific
reports are ignored, as are the repetitive.
- The FAO-WHO-OIE Animal Health Yearbook ceased publication with its
1995 edition. All data after that year are essentially from the annual O.I.E. report.
|