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Pain management is an important aspect of rehabilitation. It may entail a
combination of drug therapy, massage, therapeutic ultrasound, acupuncture,
and/or spinal manipulation.
Hot and cold packing and
passive range of motion exercises may be performed multiple times per day
to prevent joint stiffness and postoperative pain. Therapeutic ultrasound
(pictured below), neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and massage are
other treatments.

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