| |
Canine |
Feline |
Bovine |
Equine |
Ovine |
Caprine |
Porcine |
|
Seasonal? |
no |
Long days
Polyestrus |
No
Polyestrus |
Long days
Polyestrus |
Short days
Polyestrus |
Short days
Polyestrus |
No
Polyestrus |
|
Male/Female |
Dog/bitch |
Tom/queen |
Cow (heifer)/ bull |
Stallion/Mare |
Ram/ewe |
Buck/doe |
Boar/sow(gilt) |
|
Castrated |
Dog ( a sad one) |
cat |
steer |
gelding |
wether |
wether |
barrow |
|
Parturition |
whelp |
queen |
cavling |
foaling |
lambing |
kidding |
farrowing |
|
Offspring |
pup |
kitten |
calf |
Foal (fillie, colt) |
lamb |
kid |
piglet |
|
Puberty |
6 mo |
6 mo
Depends on time of season born) |
12 mo
60 % mature wt |
12-18 m |
6 mo
(Depends on time of season born) |
6 mo
(Depends on time of season born) |
5-6 m |
|
Estrous cycle length |
na |
na |
21 d |
21 d
(14 day diestrus) |
|
|
21 d |
|
Estrus length |
9 d
(9d proesrus
9 day estrus) |
8-10 d
1-2 d proesrus
May have :
1) diestrus if ovulates
2) interestrus followed by estrus if no ovulation
3) anestrus if no ovulation and season ends. |
24 h |
5-7 d
Shorter in summer |
24-36 h |
24-36 h |
2-3 d |
|
Artificial Insemination |
Vaginal
Fresh - EOD
Chilled - 3 and 5 or 4 and 6 after LH peak (determined by
initial P4 rise)
Frozen - 5 or 6 d after LH peak |
Vaginal
Rare - induce ovulation |
AM/PM rule -
See in morning, breed in evening etc.
Intrauterine |
With 35 mm follicle.
Intrauterine.
500 million cells.
Induce ovulation with hCG or GnRH analog (Ovulplant) |
Rare in US
AM/PM rule |
Rare in US/
AM/PM rule |
Corkscew AI pipette into cervix.
Breed on days 2 and 3 |
|
Gestation |
65 from LH
63 from ovulation
57 from 1st d diestrus |
66 d |
282 d |
330 d |
150 d |
150 d |
114 d |
|
Pregnancy recognition |
none |
none |
Interferon tau
(btp-1) |
Unknown
PGE ? |
otp-1 |
Cpt-1 ? |
Estrogen from embryo is luteotropic and redirects PGF to
uterine lumen away from CLs |
|
Pregnancy diagnosis |
Palpate 21-28 days from diestrus.
Ultrasound day 12 diestrus. (Heartbeat 24 d)
Relaxin blood test- > day 30 |
Palpate 21-28 days.
Ultrasound |
Palpate- day 35 (FMS, AV, fetus, cotyledons are positive
signs)
Ultrasond - day 24 - 28 d
Milk P4- 18-22 d after estrus (80% false +) |
Palpate - 35 d
Ultrasound - 12 days. (heartbeat 24 d) |
Ultrasound - 24 d |
Ultrasound - 24 d |
Ultrasound - a and b mode. external |
|
Cl needed throughout pregnancy |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No
Secondary Cl’s 30-120 days.
Placenta 120 on |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Induction of abortion |
PGF
Dexamethosone
Prolactin inhibitors (bromocriptine, cabergoloine) |
PGF after day 30 |
PGF before 3 mo.
Estrogen/corticosteroid 2-6 mo.
Cortocosteroid 6 m - term
|
PGF before day 30.
Multiple PGF day 30 -120.
Manual after day 120. |
PGF before day 50.
After day 50 dexamethasone |
PGF |
PGF |
|
Induction of parturition |
na |
na |
PGF
Dexamethasone (retained placenta common) |
Oxytocin- if milk Ca is > 400 (200) ppm, 330 days,
relaxed ligaments |
Dexamethasone |
Dexamethasone |
PGF and oxytocin @ 112 days |
|
Ovulation |
3-4 d of estrus |
Estrus (induced) |
18 after end estrus.
24-30 h after LH peak |
Out of estrus 2 days after ovulation |
24- 30h after onset estrus.
24-30 h after LH peak |
24- 30h after onset estrus.
24-30 h after LH peak |
Day 2 estrus |
|
Induction of estrus |
Ensure 150 days interestrus.
DES 5 days.
Prolactin inhibitors (cabergoline, bromocriptine) |
FSH |
|
Out of season. Lights on Dec 1 16 hours. |
Out of season.
Progesterone/FSH or eCG |
Out of season.
Progesterone/FSH or eCG |
PG 600
(eCG + LH) |
|
Other |
6 month interestrus |
Induced ovulator (depends on time of mating, number of
matings and mating interval) |
|
|
|
Progesterone/FSH or eCG |
|
|
Estrus synchronization |
na |
HCG or GnRH to induce ovulation |
11 day double injection of PGF.
Progestagen for 14 days |
PGF or
14 days ReguMate (allytrenbolone) |
PGF or
Progestagens for 10-14 days |
PGF or
Progestagens for 10-14 days |
Breed and abort with PGF.
5-7 days post weaning. |
|
First postpartum estus |
na |
2 wk (some say depends on nursing kittens - nursing is
longer) |
21 days dairy
2 m beef - depends on nutrution |
9 days |
na |
Progestagens for 10-14 days |
5-7 days post weaning |
|
Embryo transfer |
Not done |
Not done |
Collect at 7 days and transfer to synchronized recipient
non surgical. |
Collect at 7 days and transfer to synchronized recipient
non surgical. |
Non surgical collecton.
Surgical implant. |
Non surgical collection.
Surgical implant. |
Surgical |
|
Common problems |
Pyometra during diestrus.
Dx - hi WBC, left shift, isostehnuria, hi BUN
Rx - prostaglandins |
Pyometra during diestrus or anestrus.
Dx - WBC depends on progesterone (higher during diestrus),
BUN
Rx - prostaglandins |
Pyometra - fluid filled uterus with pus and CL
Rx- PGF |
Reatained placenta > 4-6 h
Rx- oxytocin or fill placenta.
Sequel - laminitis |
Ringwomb - cervix does not dlate -
Rx - C-section |
Surgical implant. |
|
| |
Breeding management - counting days |
"Persistent estrus" caused by short intersetrus
interval if ovulation not induced. |
Cysts (follicular) -> 2.5 cm fluid filled w/o CL
Rx - GnRH to luteinize (may follow with PGF in 10 -14 d
for luteolysis) |
Delayed uterine clearance.
All mares infected at breeding. Some cannot clear.
Rx- oxytocin and/or uterine flush. |
|
Pseudocyesis (cloudburst)
Rush of fluid at expected parturition in a non pregnant
doe. |
Mummies - indicates parvovirus infection. |
| |
Brucella canis- abortion, stillbirth, orchitis.
Dx - RSAT - 60 % false +.
AGID - more definitive.
Culture definitive. |
|
Estrus detection problems |
|
|
|
|
| |
Pseudopregnancy (overt), Pseudogentra-
Milk and psychologic behavior at expected whelping in non
pregnant bitch. |
|
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